The sick man of Europe

The breakthrough in the history of Turkey took place with the conclusion of a room in Karłowice in 1699 r. The then reigning Sultan Mustafa II went to the northern and western borders of the Empire to repel Russia, Venice and other countries rubbing on the Empire, but he did not succeed. Therefore, he signed the above -mentioned treaty with these countries as well as Habsburgs and Polish. The Habsburgs received Hungary and Transylvania, Poland regained Podolia, Russia – Madow, And Venice – fresh prey in Peloponnese. The concluded room was significantly reduced by the authority of the Sultan and the whole country, in which rebellions and uprisings began to spread. Nobody was happy with the new situation, and attempts to carry out reforms broke against a wall of general reluctance. W 1703 r. The largest uprising broke out in Istanbul, bearing the signs of the revolution. Both simple people took part in it, as well as the army and Janczarzy, And they all demanded the dethronement of Mustafa II. They appointed his brother Ahmed III to the throne (1703 – 30), then the faithful Mustafian army went to his side. During the reign of Ahmed, there was a war with Russia, finished with a truce in 1711 r. Under it, Türkiye regained Azov, which was a considerable success, But in the war with Venice, and as a consequence and the Austrian Empire, The Turks lost, Having lost the abutment in Hungary and Belgrade. The only consolation was to stop the previously mastered Peloponnese. According to the provisions of the concluded room, Austria was granted commercial privileges, which have already been used by many European countries.

The so -called. Tulip period, characterized by the great influence of European countries on culture, art, Science and general development of Turkey, indirectly through the capital coming in without any obstacles, but also through the manor itself, who wanted to take an example from the lavish life of European courts. The name came from the Dutch tulips popular in the Empire then – Their holiday was once organized in Istanbul. But not only Europe, But also the East – Persia i chiny – played a significant role in promoting new designs. Several reforms were carried out in the state then; Unfortunately, they only improved the general condition of Turkey for a moment, or rather her treasury.

In the years 1723 – 46 There was a war with the Persians, which was conducted with variable happiness, and the concluded peace was properly confirmed by the state before the war with small losses of Turkey. As a result of the disasters, it broke out in the year 1730 the so-called. The creation of red turbans in Istanbul (Because his supporters wore turbans in this color). Again, the lower social layers took part in the uprising along with the army and Janczars. After the rebels released by Ahmed III Vizier and other dignitaries, the population started to plunder the rich of the rich. Finally the sultan renounced the throne, And his nephew became the successor – Mahmud I (1730 – 54). W 6 years after the movement of "red turban", a war broke out with Russia and Austria. Russia won Crimea and part of Ukraine, and also Moldova, Austria was struggling with the weakened Ottoman Empire, strangely, unsuccessfully. Türkiye was still able to make a strong resistance, and peace treaties were extremely beneficial for her, She did not lose any territories. Another war with Russia broke out in 1768 r., After a period of relative peace. The reason was the Russian troops crossing the Turkish border. They chased confederates, that is, opponents of King Stanisław August Poniatowski imposed by Moscow. Because Türkiye was the enemy of Russia, She had a convenient excuse, to start a war with her. The Turks lost (The Russian fleet even drove into the waters of the Aegean and Mediterranean), And by virtue of the concluded peace treaty, the Russian state received huge areas of Ukraine and permission to move freely its fleet on the Black Sea. Then it began to spread, used on some courts much earlier, The term Turkey as "sick man of Europe".