Republic of Turkey

After the abolition of the sultanate, Mehmed VI emigrated to Malta, but the caliphate was not liquidated, Therefore, his formal successor, however, only religious functions, Abdulmecid became, Mehmed's cousin. This case was not on the hand, civilized state, whose policy would not affect religion. I don't pay attention to this problem, Immediately after moving the capital to Ankara, 23 October 1923 r. The National Assembly proclaimed the Turkish Republic, whose first president was Mustafa Kemal. Therefore, it became a natural thing to abolish the caliphate a few months later and exile all members of the Ottoman dynasty from Turkey and the adoption of a new constitution.

The next step of the new government, in which Mustafa Kemal ruled in dictatorial, was to carry out reforms aimed at reducing religion's influence on the country's life. Therefore, religious schools were closed (medresy) and all religious brotherhoods, headed by the Order of Sharp Drywish, were liquidated. W 1925 r. A law was adopted ordering to wear a civilian outfit-European outfit and hats, instead of existing fezes (Men's cone -shaped headgear). Twenty -fifth of November entered into force. Hat Act recognizing the wearing of Fez as a criminal offense punishable by death! Ataturk probably passed himself, For many innocent people were killed in Turkey because of this law, not always aware of the new one, draconian law. It is difficult to consider even those guilty of those, Ktorzy is finished fez, Knowing about the existing ban. W 1926 r. Gregorian calendar and new codes were introduced: civil, legal and commercial, as well as civilian weddings, while eliminating the polygamy. In the same year, Ataturk dealt with the opposition, by eliminating the resulting parties, From then on, the only legal was his republican People's Party. During parliamentary elections, even forgery and intimidation were committed. Therefore, authoritarian governments were introduced, which, for a complete change in Kemal's order, were the most convenient. W 1928 r. The Arabic alphabet was abolished, replacing it with Latin, what was done overnight. It was a huge shock for the whole society, Although it was in the vast majority. Lata 20. They were also characterized by the speeches of Kurds, whose uprisings were bloody suppressed. In the years 30. Even more laws were introduced to religion, but also the rights of the individual. The censorship of the press and excessive "care" of culture and science were commonplace, However, these phenomena did not take the features of totalitarianism. In external policy, Türkiye was based on the principle of far -reaching cooperation with the neighbors surrounding it, even concluding an agreement with the fatal enemy until recently – Greece.