Fall

Turkish-Russian war 1877 – 78 deepened financial problems yes, that in 1881 r. The government has announced insolvency. The Public Debt Board was established then, who tried to save the deplorable state of the state with more or less success. To make matters worse, Abdulhamid II introduced despotic governments and counted nothing more and more European domination in Turkey. The powers began to compete for influence in the empire. As for capital, Prussia played a significant role here, which opposed Russia's European policy and its allies – France and England, So Germany became like a natural ally of the Osman. In the Turkish state, strange relations developed. On the one hand, unlimited despotism, On the other hand, an equally unlimited impact of foreign capital, and thus Western culture. Great powers began to dictate the conditions of the concession for the construction of the railway, public roads, electricity or water supply and gas networks. As a result, the state of finances and the Turkish economy in general improved significantly at the beginning of the 20th century.

Youth -man's held after the movement of young people was taken over by young people, whose program crystallized at the end of the 19th century. They were opponents of the Abdulhamid regime and proclaimed a liberal democratic slogans. Also broadly understood nationalism found more and more supporters. Therefore, the slaughter of Armenians was not opposed, which took place in Eastern Anatolia and in Istanbul, after which the ruthless sultan has gained the opponents themselves in Europe. However, apart from this issue, must be admitted, that new currents have finally led to a change in existing relations. Already then among the youthful Mustafa Kemal began to stand out, later Ataturk. The younger people led to the outbreak of the revolution in 1908 r "as a result of which it was forced to restore the constitution. It was an important step towards the democratization of the state. By chance it caused, that before the convening of parliament, But before the filling of government positions by the youth Bulgaria announced independence. Protests fueled secretly by Abdulhamid and conservative circles broke out in the capital, In response to what the threatened reformers gathered some of the army loyal to them and forcibly dethroned the hated sultan. They replaced him with his younger brother, Mehmedem v, the penultimate Turkish Sultan, who ruled to 1918 r.

In the second decade of the 20th century. The so -called. Balkan wars, which is an expression of the pursuit of countries located on this Peninsula to achieve full independence, when losing the smallest possible territories. Youth could not cope with the Balkan conflicts, and besides, limited democracy, which they introduced, She began to go along her paths. The power was mastered for some time, the opposition was created freshly, and blows fell on Turkey from almost all sides. The Greeks were the most active, which became apparent in their occupation of the islands off the coast of Anatolia. Albania announced independence, Macedonia also disconnected from Turkey, And the Italians took African Libya. As a result of the Balkan wars, the state lost 90% its possessions in Europe. Shortly after these events, World War I broke out. Until its completion, as a result of political turmoil, The country began to rule the youth again.

The crowning of the progerma policy in Turkey for a long time was to join the war on the side of the central states. Although the Allied Land on the Gallipoli Peninsula in 1915 r. It turned out to be a tragic mistake, However, this is the result of the losing by Germany the war of the English troops, French and Russian began in 1918 r. occupy a part of the country with Istanbul. Another Pogrom of Armenians with 1915 r. He jammed even more and so tarnished, Due to the support of central countries, Turkey's reputation, so that younger people had to move away from the rule after the war, And their place was taken by proengiel politicians. The winning powers have planned the division of Turkey. It was decided to grant Greece to western Anatolia, And Armenia and Kurdistan were to be built in the Eastern Territories. The general partition of the Ottoman Empire was planned, The south was already occupied by the British, Italians and French. The Black Sea coast was also mastered. In July 1918 r. The throne after the deceased Mehmed V took over his brother, Mehmed VI, who, despite the efforts, did not differ much from his predecessor – He was also only a figurehead.