Tadeusz Kutrzeba
Tadeusz Kutrzeba, son of Tomasz and Ludwika was born 15 April 1886 year in Krakow. At the age of ten, he was sent by his father, Captain of the Austrian Army, to the seven -grade real school in Fischau, the city near faithful Neustadt. In year 1903 He passed his high school diploma at the State Junior High School in Vienna. Then he started studying at the Faculty of Engineering at the Military University of Technology in Moedling near the capital of Austria. After three years of studies, obtaining a perfect result, He was appointed a sapper second lieutenant. As he learned perfectly, He was allowed to decide himself, in which the unit would like to serve. The choice fell on 9. Sapper battalion stationed in Krakow. W 1910 year he interrupted service and undertook additional education at the General Staff Academy in Vienna. For that, During three -year studies he studied in military engineering. In the meantime, a year 1911 was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Having graduated, Until the outbreak of war, he served in the Headquarters of Engineering in Sarajevo. For that, actively working, He developed, among others, a project of fortifications on the border with Montenegro.
During the First World War, Tadeusz Kutrzeba was still sent from place to place. At first he was in Sarajevo (in which the war found him), where he served in the command of the local fortress. Then he was assigned as a staff officer to 2. Mountain Artillery Brigades fighting on the Serbian Front. 15 mark 1915 Tadeusz Kutrzeb was transferred to the Russian front as a German officer. There he was promoted to the rank of captain. Immediately after the promotion, he was sent to the Italian front, where in February 1916 of the year he managed to receive the function of the Chief of Staff of the Technical Forces of the Army Group of the Archduke Eugeniusz. After less than half a year, the boat was transferred to Transylvania, where 1 August became the Chief of Staff of the Fortifications Inspection in the local command of the Austrian Army. Another front, on which Tadeusz Kutrzeba was the Romanian front, where he was sent in September. After eight months of service, he was re -moved to Russia. The last function of Tadeusz Kutrzeba during the First World War was the head of the Austrian Base staff in the Danube town of Braiła.
After the fall of the central states, 28 X 1918 Tadeusz Kutrzeba made contact with the Polish Liquidation Commission, to which he joins at the beginning of November that year, starting work at the Military Department. Soon he joins the reborn Polish Army, where he is assigned to the branch and general staff of the Supreme Command and at the beginning of the following year he becomes the deputy head of that branch. Since then, the career of the kutrzeby began to roll faster and faster – After less than nine months, he becomes the Chief of Staff 1. DPLeg, And soon the same function begins to perform in the operational group of General Rydz-Śmigły. Last month 1919 the year is promoted to the rank of a major.
During the Polish Bolshevik war he was the chief of staff in various groups. At the beginning, During the trip to Kyiv in April 1920 year he commanded a staff 3. Army. During the retreat he was appointed Chief of Staff of the entire Southeast Front. He was equally high during the Battle of Warsaw, commanding the central front staff. At the end he became the chief of the newly created staff 2. Army of the Polish Army. He ended the war as a lieutenant colonel.
During the cow’s Tadeus Kutum, Still promoting from degree to degree, He held many different offices, However, remaining in the staff all the time. The most important of his functions included, among others, the position of the first Chief of the General Staff and the head of the Strict Office of the War Council. Moreover, Tadeusz Kutrzeba took part in almost all military conferences, or staff meetings. What's more, He was a valued lecturer and military theoretician. Wrote numerous publications on this field, and in 1928 became the commander of the University of War. Confirmation of the high position of Tadeusz Kutrzeba in the Polish Army was to promote him 19 mark 1939 year to the rank of a division general and appointing him the commander of the newly created army “Poznań”.
During the September campaign he fought at the head of the army “Poznań”. He took part in the Battle of Bzura (whose offensive impact he was the originator himself), when he commanded the combined forces of the army “Poznań” i “Pomerania”. After reaching the capital, to which it 22 September broke along with the weakened remains of his troops, For six days he was the deputy commander of the created army “Warsaw”. Shortly before the fall of the city, he had surrender talks with the German side and 28 September signed the act of surrendering Warsaw.
After the defeat in the September campaign, General Kutrzeb was interned by the Germans. He stayed in four different oflags, in which he organized and conducted secret military courses among other prisoners. He was liberated by the American troops in the year 1945. After the general left the camp, The Polish government in exile offered Tadeusz Kutrzebie to take the position of the Minister of National Defense. However, he did not accept the proposal, Probably because of your poor health – He had a heavy cancer. He died in London of the day 8 January 1947 year. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Virtuti Militari III class.