Last name: Bach
Name/names: Johann, Sebastian
Also known as: Jan Sebastian Bach
Born: 21 March 1685 (Ironach, Germany)
Died: 28 July 1750 (Leipzig, Germany).
Jan Sebastian Bach – ur. 21 mark 1685 W Eisenach, zm. 28 July 1750 in Leipzig; German composer of the Music Baroque era. Child of Johann Ambrosius Bach, Music Music and Maria Elisabeth Lammershirt. He had vision problems since childhood.
Virtually nothing is known about the early years of his life except for this, that he studied at the Local Latin school (1692r.). He also sang in the church. W 1694 His mother died, A year later in February 1695 Also his father. Jan Sebastian has not yet had then 10 years. Shortly after the death of his parents, he was sent to the nearby city of Ohrdruf, where he lived with his older brother, Christopha, urban organist. He was sent to a progressive school, Ohrdruf lyceum. However, he had to be more important to Bach for his organ and Christoph organs, who taught him the basics of the craft.
In March 1700 r. 15-Summer Bach left Ohrdruf and moved to Luneburg, 300 km north. He found a place at the school at the St.. Michał, which he paid for singing in the choir until the age of six, When his voice began to go through the mutation - in those days the mutation at the age of sixteen was not unusual. In Luneburg he listened to the organist's game, George Bohma, which he perhaps gave him lessons. He made a 50-kilometer trip to Hamburg several times, To listen to J. A. Reinken-one of the most famous organists at that time-playing huge organs with 40-foot pipes. Bach had to think about himself as an organist. He had a different influence on him in contact with the small court in the south, where the local prince brought the latest musical fashions from France.
W 1702 r. aged 17 years Bach began to apply for the first position of an organist in Sangerhausen in his life. He failed to get her, but in 1703 r. He became an organist at Neuekirche in Arnstadt, After he advised the reconstruction of the organs. The job was properly paid and left him a lot of free time. Unfortunately, the impetuous character of Bach made, that he was not suitable for working with choristers.
W 1707 r. He moved to Mühlhausen and in October married Maria Barbara Bach – Further cousin six months older than him. Maria gave birth to seven children and was undoubtedly the greatest love of his life.
In June 1708 r. Bach moved to nearby Weimar, To take up the position of an organist and chamber music at the court of one of the most sophisticated and educated princes of this era - Prince Wilhelm Emsta, where he spent nine years. The reason for the move was a better salary. He needed money, Because in the years 1708-1715 Six children were born, Among others, two future musicians: Wilhelm Friedemann W 1710 r. i Carl Philipp Emanuel w 1714 r. In year, in which Carl was born, Bach was promoted to the concertmaster, with a further salary increase. Bach was successful, He enjoyed him and composed works, which made him immortal - toccaty and joints for the organs, cantatas for choirs and harpsichord works. However, when in 1716 r. The prince skipped Bach when choosing the successor of the deceased bandmaster, The composer decided to leave Weimar and move to Köthen. He informed Prince Wilhelm Ernest about this intention, for which he was interrupted to arrest, where he spent the whole month. In December 1717 r. He went to Köthen, where he started working with the bandmaster with Prince Leopold.
Years spent in the service of Prince Leopold, also an avid music, turned out to be the most fruitful era in the composer's work, And among the works from this period, Brandenburg concerts include. W 1720 r. During one of the trips alongside Prince Bach, he received information about his wife's sudden death. However, he quickly found a consolation in the person of Anna Magdalena Wilcken, twenty -year -old daughter of a court trumpeter, which he married in December 1721 r. The composer's second marriage turned out to be very happy. Anna Magdalena gave birth 13 kids. It was for her that Bach composed simple and charming songs for keyboards, played to this day as practice by beginner pianists. The marriage coincided with the peak period of his musical career.
W 1723 r. received a proposal to take the position of the Kantor of the School of St.. Tomasz in Leipzig, and in 1730 r. He was appointed music director at Collegium Musicum. Bach withdrew from public life in 1741 r. The number of compositions may be the measure of his social and material position in Leipzig, which he created then. Mentioned primarily great church masterpieces: “Passions according to Saint. Jana”, “Passion according to Saint. Mateusz”, “Oratorio for Christmas”, “Easter oratory”, “H minor masses” and nearly three hundred cantat. The last years of life is primarily a fight against progressive blindness for Bach. In this difficult period, the composer found a comfort among his numerous and talented family. Soon, his four sons were to become recognized, independent musicians and composers.
The composer died 28 July 1750 r. aged 65 years. His music was forgotten for almost 80 years. Nieliczni kompozytorzy — m.in. Wolfgang Amadeusz Mozart i Ludwig van Beethoven — wspominali go z uwielbieniem, ale dopiero Mendelssohn w 1829 r. He began a real crusade to resurrect his music. From now on, a modest organist from Thuringia, referred to as the most outstanding musician of all time and one of the most prolific composers, It has been fully appreciated by connoisseurs from around the world.
Bach's most important works:
- Touched & D-Moll, BWV 565
- Ave Maria
- Prelude No. 1 C-dur na harfę, BWV 846
- Organ Sonata no 4 e-min, BWV 528
- Aria Na Strunie G, BWM 1068
- Italian concert, BWV 971
- Concert no 3 D minor for two violin, BWV 1043
- Concert Brandenburski Nr 1 F-dur, BWV 1046
- Concert Brandenburski Nr 2 F-dur, BWV 1047
- Concert Brandenburski Nr 3, BWV 1048
- Concert Brandenburski Nr 4, BWV 1049
- Concert Brandenburski Nr 5 , BWV 1050
- Concert Brandenburski Nr 6 B-dur, BWV 1051