Last name: Brodski
Name/names: Josif
Also known as: Iosif Brodski
Born: 24 maj 1940 (Leningrad, Russia)
Died: 28 styczeń 1996 (New York, USA)
Category: Literature.
Brodski josif – ur. 24.V.1940 in Leningrad, poet, drama and Russian essayist, writing in Russian and English. From 1972 lives in the USA, where his books appear. Raised in Leningrad in the former USSR, He was forbidden to publish poems, which could only appear in the so -called. saizandach. Autodidact (having 15 He got up for years during one of the lessons, He left and never returned to school), He worked as a worker at a factory, Then he took various professions. Skazany w głośnym swego czasu procesie za parasitism
already 5 years of forced labor, He was released after 1,5 year of stay in the labor camp as a result of the intervention of Western literary environments. Unable to publish in his country he emigrated to the USA. Conducted poetic seminars at American universities. Nobel Prize winner in 1987. First publications in Poland (He was a translator and lover of Polish poetry) appeared in the press from the press from 1963. W 1981 Literature in the world
drukowała przekład jego cyklu Part of speech; w 1979 ukazał się Selection of poems opracowany przez Wiktora Woroszylskiego, w 1988 zaś 82 poems and poems w wyborze Stanisława Barańczaka i ze wstępem Cz. Miłosz, Four essays (1987) and The singing of the pendulum (1989).
Brodski's poetry is personal and philosophical lyrics, referring to the classical forms and the historical and cultural achievements of ancient Greece, Persia, Chin, Rome and traditions and translations derived from the Old Testament, Gospel and the achievements of Christian thoughts, Byzantine and Orthodox. According to many critics, he starts there, gdzie kończyli jego wielcy poprzednicy w poetyckim craft
– Russian akmeists: Achmatowa Anna, Osip mandel, Marina Tsietajewa in the years 30., When their work was abruptly interrupted during Stalinist terror. He is also close to English metaphysical poets and such poets of the 20th century. jak Eliot Thomas, W.H. Auden czy Czesław Miłosz. W przedmowie do 82 poems and poems ten ostatni pisze wprost:
I am willing to call Brodski a metaphysical poet in the sense, which this adjective is used for English poems of the seventeenth century. They stood against the scientific coup, towards his philosophy, which questions everything, As John Donne wrote, ahead of this Descartes. Answers to the question about the order of the universe, for a human soul, They ceased to be obvious about the meaning of life and death, They had to be sought in the newly created chaos.
The analysis of Brodski's poetic work contained in this text shows this poet as a representative of the neoclassical trend in the 20th century., continuator of the tradition of rhymed and stressful creativity, anti -eccondardial, not sealing in the characteristic of this time in the subjectivity of that time, exposing the artist's own self, on the contrary – Fundamental humanities open to the world, questioner and doubtful, but fascinated by human cultural achievements. Poet shuning from literal ad hoc and political relevance, looking for cultural products in the world around him (np. An excellent and erudite essay sketch about traveling to Constantinople), signs of your own civilization identity, as well as purely aesthetic. Examples of this attitude are poems such as: Conversation with the heaven (1970), Butterfly (1972) i Mucha (lata 80.), showing the evolution of this poetry and at the same time the durability of the main threads and imagination of this poet.