Last name: Eliot
Name/names: Thomas, Stearns
Also known as:
Born: 26 September 1888 (St. Louis, USA)
Died: 4 styczeń 1965 (London, United Kingdom)
Category: Literature.
Eliot Thomas Stearns – ur. 26.IX.1888 w St. Louis (USA), He died on 22.XII.1965 in England, poet, critic, drama. He spent his childhood and early youth in America, to later move to Europe and naturalize as an English citizen. He studied at Harvard University, Sorbonne and Oxford. W 1922 założył kwartalnik The Criterion
, which during 12 years of existence had a great impact on the development of English poetry. W 1925 zostaje dyrektorem wydawnictwa Faber and Faber
i pozostaje na tym stanowisku aż do śmierci. Nobel Prize winner in 1948. He published, among others: Love Song J. Alfred Prufrocka (1917), Sterile earth (Another title: Sterile) (1923), Vain people (Another title: Hounded people) (1925), Calcine (1930), Four quartets (1943), dramas: Murder in the cathedral (1935), Family Congress (1939), Coctail Party (1949), The Elder Statesman (1959) and numerous volumes of literary sketches and essays.
Eliot's poetic work can be divided into two periods, each of which reaches its peak in one poem. Okres pierwszy wieńczy Sterile earth, whose theme is the void and nonsense of modern life without metaphysical reasons. Najwybitniejszym osiągnięciem okresu drugiego jest tom Four quartets, where desperate pessimism gives way to religious and philosophical ideas, leading to the Christian affirmation of life and humanitarianism. French symbolists influenced the poetry of Eliot (Jules Laforgue) and Anglo-American imagers (The poetic movement from the beginning of the 20th century postulating expressing thoughts only through images: od słowa image
– picture, colloquial language and freedom in the subject and selection of forms; The main representatives include. Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, David H. Lawrence). He also reached into the tradition of metaphysical poets and the drama of Elizabetans. It is intellectual poetry, allusive, objective: jego koncepcja objective correlation
wymagała od poezji nie nazywania wzruszeń, but showing their equivalents in question. He is happy to use irony, grotesque, in contrast. Eliot's poetry is intellectual, The subject of author's considerations are complex philosophical, cultural and moral problems, combining paintings and language of everyday life with abstract and sublime arguments. Eliot is one of the main innovators of the poetry of 20th in. Translations of Eliot's poems and poems appeared in Poland in magazines (m.in. Work
1946, Sterile earth w przekładzie Czesław Miłosz) and in volumes: Selected poetry (1960), tomie III English language poets (1974), Pie (1978), Poems (1978).
In the theater he became Eliot the renovator of the poetic drama, zarówno w nawiązującym do misteryjnych form średniowiecznych Murder in the cathedral (1976, Jerzy Sito spolled) as well as in contemporary arts: Family Congress i Coctail Party – drukowanych w Dialogue
oraz w tomie Choice of dramas (1982), where the salon scenery and colloquial language combine with elements of ancient tragedy.
Eliot also made a serious contribution to the critics of the 20th century in the essay. determining your attitude towards tradition, e.g.. w esejach Individual tradition and talent Whether Who is a classic, In this way, putting the foundations for the theory of modern neoclassicism in literature. Two elections of his critical works have appeared in Poland: Literary sketches (1963) i Oblicze słowa (1972) in the Literary Literary Library. Eliot's popularizer in Poland was Professor before World War II. Wacław Borowy. The authors of Eliot translations into Polish are, among others. W. Prosper, Cz. Miłosz, A. Piotrowski, O. Wojtasiewicz, K. Boczkowski.