Last name: Tolkien
Name/names: John, Ronald, Reuel
Also known as:
Born: 3 styczeń 1893 (Bloemfontein, RPA)
Died: 2 September 1973 (Oxford, United Kingdom)
Category: Literature.
John Ronald Tolkien – He was born 3 January 1892 year. His father, Artur, He worked in one of the branches of the African bank, which ensured modest maintenance for a family of three. W 1894 John's brother was born of a year – Hilary. It would seem, that the peace of the Tolkien family could not disturb anything, but at the end 1895 of the year Artur Tolkien got a sharp articular guore and a few months later he died, And his body was buried at the Anglican cemetery in Bloempfontein. At the end of the 19th century, the widow with two young children did not have great prospects to provide them with the future and education.
Not seeing a major chance of living in South Africa, Mabel, Widow after Artur Tolkien, She returned to England and lived first with her parents, Then in a modest apartment in the village of Sarehole. Tolkien's mother could not afford to send her son to a decent private school, so she decided to deal with his education herself. She knew painting, playing the piano and fluent in Latin, French and German. It was she who lit a passion for foreign languages in young John. In adolescence, he began to invent simple languages himself, in which he sometimes managed to write even poems!
W 1904 a year at Mabel diabetes was detected and in the autumn of the same year it died, orphable two sons. The boys were taken by a cousin, and soon after this fact John met Edith – Your future wife. A year 1909 He was not favorable to the young enthusiast of foreign languages. His secret romance with Edith came to light, Shortly after this fact, John received a letter with information about not granting him a scholarship for Oxford, which he applied for a long time. A year later he was officially banned with contacts with Edith, but – as if for consolation – He received the desired scholarship to the Eleter College in Oxford. In the summer 1913 He passed the Honor Moderations exam in the year and received a second place, And in the summer he began studying in English. 22 mark 1916 year he married Edith and together they moved to Great Haywood. In June, Tolkien set off to Somma as a second lieutenant 11 Battalion of Riflemen from Lancashire and until autumn he served as a signaling officer. At the end of the year, he fell ill with “trench fever” and during recovery in Great Haywood began to write “Book of missing stories”, which will transform in time into “Silmarillion”. In autumn 1920 year he received a job as an assistant professor at the University of Leeds. Four years later he was promoted to an English professor and at the same time his third son was born – Christopher Tolkien.
He did not enjoy the professor's job at the University of Leeds long, Because less than a year later Oxford offered him to take the job of an Old English language professor. He started working in autumn 1925 year.
W 1930 year Tolkien moved home with his family at Northmoor Road 20 And about the same time, a hobbit began to arise. 1936 year Suzan Dagnall from the Allen publishing house & Unwin read the unfinished manuscript of Hobbit and persuaded Tolkien to finish the book. In autumn 1937 year the book was accepted for printing. The success was so great, that a restraint came out before Christmas. A few weeks after the Hobbit released, Stanley Ulwin persuaded Tolkien, to write the continuation of the adventures of Bilbo Baggins.
W 1945 Year Tolkien was elected a professor of English at the Merton College in Oxford. Four years after this event, it appeared “Rudy Jil and his dog”, and a few weeks later Tolkien finished writing “Lord of the Rings”. After scuffles between Collins and Allan & Unwin, The latter in 1954 year they published the first two volumes – “Ring team” i “Two towers”. A year later the last volume was released – “Return of the king”. W 1965 year ACE Book from the United States has published an unauthorized version “Lords of the Rings”, which has gained great popularity at American universities. Later, more books appeared, more or less related to the world of Middle -earth (“Tree and leaf” – 1964 i “A blacksmith from the larger” – 1967). W 1972 year Tolkien got the Order of the British Empire and a year later, 2 September 1973 he died in a private hospital.